Understand methane emissions, irrigation demands, and efficient fertilizer recovery in rice systems.
Rice farming is highly water-intensive, especially under flooded conditions. Efficient irrigation systems like alternate wetting and drying (AWD) can significantly reduce water demand.
Rice needs substantial nitrogen and phosphorus. Precision application and use of organic fertilizers improve uptake and reduce nutrient loss.
Flooded rice paddies are major methane sources due to anaerobic decomposition. Practices like AWD and mid-season drainage help lower emissions.
Rice husks and straw can be repurposed for bioenergy or returned to soil. Integrated systems recycle nutrients and close material loops.